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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(2): 175-182, feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961375

ABSTRACT

Background: The first line treatment for patients < 40 years old with aplastic anemia (AA) is allogeneic HLA-identical sibling donor transplantation (SCT). Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with a combination of Thymoglobuline (ATG) and cyclosporine is used for older patients or those without a donor. Five year overall survival (OS) for both therapies is > 70%. Aim: To report the experience with SCT and ATG for AA in a public hospital. Patients and Methods: AA was diagnosed in 42 patients between 1998 and 2016, according to Camitta criteria. Thirty eight (90%) received treatment, 7 (18%) under 40 years old received SCT, and 31 (82%) IST. The rest were not treated. OS was calculated from date of diagnosis until last control, death or loss from follow up. Results: Complete or partial hematologic response, was obtained in 71% and 58% of cases with SCT and IS, respectively. Five year OS was 71% and 55% with SCT and IST, respectively. No difference in response was observed between horse and rabbit ATG. Conclusions: SCT from an HLA-identical sibling donor had a high response rate and survival. IST instead, had a lower response and survival, due to an initial high mortality rate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Cyclosporine/administration & dosage , Stem Cell Transplantation , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Anemia, Aplastic/surgery , Anemia, Aplastic/mortality , Antilymphocyte Serum/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Combined Modality Therapy , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Hospitals, Public
2.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 90(5): 523-527, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723162

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of children with severe acquired aplastic anemia treated with rabbit antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine as first-line treatment at this institution. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 26 pediatric patients with aplastic anemia, treated between 1996 and 2011 with rabbit antithymocyte globulin plus cyclosporine. Results: The overall response rate at six months was 34.6% (9/26), and the cumulative incidence of relapse was 26.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4%-66%) at 5 years. The cumulative incidence of clonal evolution after immunosuppressive therapy was 8.3% (95% CI: 0.001%-53.7%) at five years with both clonal evolutions in non-responders who acquired monosomy 7 karyotype. The overall survival at five years was 73.6% (95% CI: 49.2%-87.5%). Conclusions: The present results confirm the poor response rate with rabbit antithymocyte globulin as first therapy in pediatrics patients, similar to what has been reported for patients of all ages. This confirmation is problematic in Brazil, given the lack of horse antithymocyte globulin in many markets outside the United States. .


Objetivo: Avaliar o resultado de crianças com anemia aplástica grave adquirida tratadas com globulina antitimocítica de coelho e ciclosporina como tratamento inicial em nosso instituto. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de 26 pacientes pediátricos com anemia aplástica tratados entre 1996 e 2011 com globulina antitimocítica de coelho e ciclosporina. Resultados: A taxa de resposta geral em seis meses foi de 34,6% (9/26), e a incidência acumulada de recorrência foi de 26,5% (intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95%,1,4%-66%) em cinco anos. A incidência acumulada de evolução clonal após a terapia imunossupressora foi de 8,3% (IC 95%, 0,001%-53,7%) em cinco anos, com ambas as evoluções clonais em pacientes sem resposta que adquiriram o cariótipo com monossomia 7. A sobrevida geral em cinco anos foi de 73,6% (IC 95%, 49,2%-87,5%). Conclusões: Nossos resultados confirmam a baixa taxa de resposta com globulina antitimocítica de coelho como terapia inicial em pacientes pediátricos, da mesma forma como relatado para pacientes de todas as idades. Essa confirmação é problemática em nosso país devido à falta de globulina antitimocítica de cavalo em muitos mercados fora dos Estados Unidos, incluindo o Brasil. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Rabbits , Anemia, Aplastic/mortality , Antilymphocyte Serum/therapeutic use , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Anemia, Aplastic/therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Clonal Evolution , Follow-Up Studies , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome
3.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2012. xvii,94 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-663577

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A anemia aplástica (AA) é uma doença rara, com alta letalidade e potencialmente curável com o transplante de medula óssea (TMO). A literatura médica em população brasileira é escassa. Objetivos: Analisar os fatores prognósticos associados à mortalidade global e por causas específicas, falha do enxerto secundária e doença do enxerto-contra-hospedeiro (DECH) aguda e crônica. Metodologia: Coorte retrospectiva de todos os pacientes portadores de AA grave adquirida submetidos à TMO no Instituto Nacional de Câncer no período de 1984 a 2010. Foram calculadas taxas de mortalidade até 100 dias pós-TMO, por período de realização do transplante, comparadas com regressão de Poisson. Foram estimadas funções de sobrevivência pelo método de Kaplan-Meier para a população global e estratificada em algumas variáveis, comparadas com teste de Log-Rank. O efeito das covariáveis sobre os diferentes desfechos foram estimados por regressão de Cox, com variáveis tempo-dependentes e modelagem para riscos competitivos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 126 pacientes. A idade mediana foi de 20 anos. A sobrevida global em cinco anos foi de 52 por cento (...), sendo superior para aqueles com idade menor que 20 anos (64 por cento versus 37 por cento, (...). A causa mais comum de óbito foi infecção. As incidências de falha primária e secundária de enxerto foram de 5,7 por cento e 10 por cento, respectivamente. As incidências da DECH aguda grau II-IV em 100 dias e da DECH crônica moderada-grave em cinco anos foram de 30 por cento e 20 por cento. A taxa de mortalidade nos primeiros 100 dias foi significantemente superior nos anos de 1991 a 1995, período também associado ao maior risco de óbito global e especificamente por infecção. Outros fatores de risco significantes para o óbito global foram: idade maior que 20 anos, DECH aguda e DECH crônica. Na análise multivariada, apenas a DECH aguda perdeu significância.


A idade maior que 20 anos esteve independentemente associada ao óbito por DECH até o (...) enquanto a utilização de radioterapia no condicionamento aumentou o risco de óbito por DECH a partir do (...) O uso prévio de ATG associou-se ao óbito por falha secundária. O transplante com doador não aparentado associou-se ao risco de óbito por falha secundária e surgimento de DECH aguda. A ocorrência de DECH aguda representou forte fator de risco para surgimento de DECH crônica. O período de realização do TMO de 2006 a 2010 associou-se a proteção da DECH aguda e ao risco de óbito por falha secundária. Discussão: A sobrevida global alcançada nesta amostra foi inferior à maioria dos estudos. Há em nossa amostra, excesso de mortalidade precoce e por infecção no período de 1991-1995, refletindo a realização de alguns transplantes fora da unidade apropriada, devido à realização de obras na mesma. Observamos efeito deletério da DECH crônica, o que foi até o momento pouco relatado na literatura em populações semelhantes. A mudança do ATG de cavalo para coelho parece estar relacionada a redução do risco de desenvolvimento de DECH aguda e aumento do risco de óbito por falha do enxerto, com consequente piora na sobrevida global. Esta hipótese necessita ser reavaliada em estudos futuros. Finalmente, a utilização de metodologias estatísticas mais sofisticadas permitiu a captação de resultados, que sob nova óptica, cooperam para validação dos mesmos. Considerações finais: Há necessidade de ampliar estudos com estas características na população brasileira, a fim de identificar singularidades e semelhanças a estudos internacionais. É fundamental que o SUS disponha de indicadores de qualidade, como taxas de sobrevida e qualidade de vida, para que se façam ajustes necessários em programas de alta complexidade e custo, como o TMO.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anemia, Aplastic/mortality , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Graft vs Host Disease , Survival Analysis
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(11): 1421-1428, nov. 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-472841

ABSTRACT

Background: Severe acquired aplastic anemia (SAA) is an uncommon disease of childhood. Patients with SAA receive supportive care with transfusions and timely treatment of opportunistic infections, along with specific therapies, which may be allogenic stem cell transplantation (SCT) from a matched sibling or immunosupressive therapy (IT). Aim: To report the experience in the management of SAA. Patients and methods: Twenty five children with acquired SAA were treated from July 1992 to September 2005. Patients with full matched sibling donors received allogenic SCT after conditioning with a cyclophosphamide containing regimen. The other patients received immune suppression with cyclosporine plus methylprednisolone (n= 18) plus ATG (n=17). All received supportive care until recovery of hematopoietic function. Those who had severe opportunistic infections at diagnosis or did not respond to two cycles of ATG were evaluated for unrelated donor SCT. Results: Seven patients received sibling donor SCT and 18 IT, which was repeated in six. Three patients received mismatched related (1) or unrelated (2) SCT. Nineteen patients survived with a median follow up time of 4 years, 14 with full hematologic recovery. Six patients died: four due to infections after IT or SCT, one due to intracranial hemorrhage and one with secondary myelodysplasia 12 years after IT. Conclusions: Most children with SAA can be treated successfully with sibling donor SCT or IT. Patients without a histocompatible sibling who fail to respond to IS have a worse prognosis.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Anemia, Aplastic/therapy , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Anemia, Aplastic/mortality , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Transplantation, Homologous , Treatment Outcome
5.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 365-371, 2003.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-29054

ABSTRACT

The present study represents an analysis of 96 patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) treated in Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea between 1990 and 1999. Twenty-two patients were treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA identical sibling donors and 74 by immunosuppressive therapy (IS) with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). There was no statistical difference between the two treatment groups in age, sex, disease duration, and previous transfusion amount. In the BMT group, grade II-IV acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) develeped in 10% and chronic GVHD occurred in 33% of patient. Only one patient died from complication of transplantation (veno-occlusive disease). Of 74 patients who received IS treatment, 45% achieved a complete or partial response. Twenty patients died among IS treatment group. Major causes of death were hemorrhage (40%) and infection (55%). In the BMT group, the 5-yr overall survival (OS) was 95% after a median follow-up of 42 months. In the IS group, the 5-yr OS was 70% after a median follow-up of 49 months (p=0.04). In conclusion, the long-term survival rates of SAA in Koreans receiving BMT or IS were excellent compared with the Western data. Further evaluation on the prognosis of aplastic anemia in Asians should be done.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anemia, Aplastic/mortality , Antilymphocyte Serum/administration & dosage , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Combined Modality Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Graft vs Host Disease , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Neutrophils/cytology , Severity of Illness Index , Survival Analysis
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 33(5): 553-8, May 2000. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-260250

ABSTRACT

Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is probably an immune-mediated disorder, and immunosuppressive therapy is recommended for patients with no available donor for bone marrow transplant. Between October 1984 and November 1987, 25 consecutive children and adolescents with SAA with no HLA-compatible marrow donor received equine antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (15 mg kg-1 day-1) for 10 days. The patients were evaluated 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after starting ATG treatment. Thereafter, patients were evaluated yearly until July 1998. Median age was 10 years (range, 1.5-20 years), granulocyte counts on referral ranged from 0.032 to 1.4 x 10(9)/l (median 0.256 x 10(9)/l), and 12 patients had granulocyte counts < 0.2 x 10(9)/l. At a median follow-up of 9.6 years (range, 8.6-11.8 years), 10 patients (40 percent) remained alive with good marrow function. No morphologic evidence of hematological clonal disorders has been observed, although two patients probably have acquired clonal chromosomal abnormalities (trisomy 8 and del(6)q21, respectively). Responses to ATG were observed between 6 weeks and 6 months from the start of treatment in 60 percent of evaluable patients. The response rate was not different in patients whose granulocyte count at diagnosis was < 0.2 x 10(9)/l, or in those who were < 10 years of age. This study supports the view that, when compared with supportive measures, ATG is an effective treatment for children or adolescents with SAA. Although these results are inferior to those reported for marrow transplantation or more intensive immunosuppressive regimens, these patients who responded to ATG are long-term survivors with stable peripheral blood counts and a low rate of relapse.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Infant , Adolescent , Adult , Anemia, Aplastic/drug therapy , Antilymphocyte Serum/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Anemia, Aplastic/mortality , Antilymphocyte Serum/adverse effects , Bone Marrow/physiopathology , Cell Count , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Granulocytes , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Recurrence , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome
8.
Rev. ciênc. farm ; 14: 9-35, 1992. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-167904

ABSTRACT

Os analgésicos-antipiréticos säo drogas maciçamente consumidas em nível mundial e, por serem fármacos relativamente antigos, pouco se tem publicado a esse respeito. Este estudo visa fazer uma análise crítica e objetiva sobre os riscos e benefícios na utilizaçäo de analgésicos, bem como sobre a coerência de alternativas terapêuticas. Foi realizada extensa e profunda análise da literatura científica internacional sobre o assunto, com particular atençäo ao notável "Estudo de Boston". Conclui-se que o uso de analgésicos é bastante seguro, sendo que a dipirona é o fármaco mais bem avaliado quanto ao seu perfil de segurança


Subject(s)
Humans , Acetaminophen/adverse effects , Acetaminophen/pharmacokinetics , Acetaminophen/pharmacology , Acetaminophen/therapeutic use , Agranulocytosis/epidemiology , Agranulocytosis/etiology , Agranulocytosis/mortality , Analgesics/adverse effects , Analgesics/pharmacology , Anemia, Aplastic/epidemiology , Anemia, Aplastic/etiology , Anemia, Aplastic/mortality , Aspirin/adverse effects , Aspirin/pharmacokinetics , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Dipyrone/adverse effects , Dipyrone/pharmacokinetics , Dipyrone/pharmacology , Dipyrone/therapeutic use
10.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 42(6): 298-304, nov.-dez. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-52789

ABSTRACT

Se trataram 20 pacientes con anemia aplastica grave (AAG) con dosis bajas (1 a 5 mg/Kg/dia) de una globulina anti-timocito (GAT) de alta potencia, preparada en los Laboratórios Clínicos de Puebla, México, cuya potencia es por lo menos 10 vezes mayor que la de GAT de fuentes comerciales. Los pacietnes recibieron la Gat durante 10 días, cada tercer día (5 dosis en total) a razón de 1 mg/Kg/día (cuatro tratamientos), 2 mg/Kg/día (ocho tratamientos). Cuatro pacientes recibieron dos cursos consecutivos de tratamiento con diferentes dosis de GAT. Se encontro una respuesta de mejora hematológica en el 42% de los tratamientos (incrementos en reticulocitos, granulocitos o plaquetas); un paciente tuvo una remisión parcial, con incremento en los parametros hematologicos y desaparición de los requerimientos transfusionales. La supervivencia a 200 días de todo el grupo de pacientes fue de 63%. Se concluye que la GAT preparada de manera doméstica en México es útil en el tratamiento de algunos pacientes con AAG, empleando dosis más bajas que las que se han recomendado con anterioridad


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Anemia, Aplastic/drug therapy , Antilymphocyte Serum/therapeutic use , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Anemia, Aplastic/mortality , Immunologic Techniques
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